Trauma. The word holds so many meanings. Say the word and depending on your perspective - it could mean Trauma (like trauma center which is physical injury focused) or trauma (like unwanted experience causing adverse socioemotional consequences). In medical environments, the former would be qualified as ‘Big T’ Trauma, and the latter would be ‘little t’ trauma. Once you are immersed in the ‘little t’ trauma field, the Big and little traumas change meanings. The Big T Trauma would describe a significant event, whereas the little t trauma would include multiple, smaller microaggressions accumulating into adverse effects.
I have worked in trauma since 1996. And the changes have been vast. Thankfully, long gone are the days that I am educating physicians in the ER on how to complete a rape kit and how to perform care that is patient-focused and empowering. I would like to think that advocates are no longer having to explain to medical providers that RU22 is not an ‘abortion pill’ but a medicine that is required to be offered BY LAW in Illinois (SASETA) to reduce the risk of implantation after a rape. I started working in ERs advocating for the medical and legal rights of sexual assault survivors BEFORE Law-and-Order SVU brought these patients into mainstream culture in 1999. Thank you, Olivia and Elliot for bringing this awareness into our living rooms.
When I was a mental health counselor in the 90s and 2000s, it was quite remarkable that trauma was not included in mental health services. PTSD definitions were changing frequently within the DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual) during this time. Definitions and inclusion of trauma within mental health continue to change frequently to this day. In the 90s, I was working with youth in lower socioeconomic populations and their trauma was both palpable and unseen. Also, during this time, education and awareness of developmentally appropriate sexual health were not a thing! I remember my supervisor calling me and asking me what to do with a teenage female who was masturbating with a brush. And I was like OK - which side of the brush… is she masturbating for pleasure which is normal/appropriate or is she hurting herself and we need to screen her for sexual abuse? I screened her for abuse (my supervisor was not comfortable- she ended up disclosing her own abuse) and the teenager did not disclose abuse or self-harming behaviors, so it was normal sexual behavior. I could go on about cultural and gender taboos, but that is literally power for the course.
When I made the change from mental health to physical therapy in the mid-late 2000s it soon became apparent that trauma was not considered within rehabilitation. In 2011, I created the first in-service on trauma - focusing on education, awareness, and teaching Polyvagal theory. Stephen Porges introduced Polyvagal much earlier in 1994 and I am looking forward to the day he receives the Nobel Prize for his work, as he should. I am ecstatic that Polyvagal is no longer an obscure construct. I see many friends and fellow clinicians normalizing the terms neuroception and interoception, and I am elated. This is quite different from when ten ten-plus years ago, the response to my course was a not-so-friendly ‘Stay in your lane, PT’ (and this is not addressing the fact that our fellow OT and SLP comrades are doing this challenging work). I am so glad that is not the case anymore. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is becoming the norm, not the exception. And I am so happy to see what other rehabilitation specialists are doing within the field! There is so much space for us all.
Here is an outline of what we expand upon within the course Trauma Awareness for the Pelvic Therapist:
Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a universal approach within healthcare that recognizes and responds to the impact of traumatic experiences on individuals. It aims to create a supportive environment that promotes healing and recovery while minimizing the risk of re-traumatization. The core principles of trauma-informed care include understanding the prevalence and effects of trauma, recognizing the signs and symptoms of trauma in patients and staff, and integrating knowledge about trauma into practices, policies, and procedures. In order to understand the effects of trauma, an understanding of neurobiology of the brain and function of the autonomic nervous system are foundational.
Key Principles of Trauma-Informed Care:
Safety:
Ensuring physical and emotional safety for the CLINICIAN, clients, and staff. This involves creating an environment where individuals feel secure and respected.
Trustworthiness and Transparency:
Building trust through clear, consistent, and transparent practices. Ensuring that decision-making processes are transparent, and that information is shared openly.
Peer Support:
Encouraging and incorporating peer support and mutual self-help as essential components of trauma-informed care. Peer support helps to build trust, enhance collaboration, and promote recovery.
Collaboration and Mutuality:
Emphasizing partnership and the leveling of power differences between staff and clients. Everyone involved in the care process collaborates and shares in the decision-making.
Empowerment, Voice, and Choice:
Prioritizing the empowerment of individuals and recognizing their strengths. Offering choices and supporting individuals in their decisions helps to foster autonomy and resilience.
Cultural, Historical, and Gender Issues:
Being responsive to cultural, historical, and gender contexts. This involves recognizing and addressing the impact of systemic oppression and discrimination and promoting cultural competence among staff.
Implementation Strategies
Training and Education:
Providing ongoing training for EVERYONE on the principles of trauma-informed care and the impact of trauma. This includes recognizing trauma responses and learning how to create a supportive environment.
Policy and Procedure Review:
Introducing TIC and revising organizational policies and procedures to ensure they reflect trauma-informed principles. This includes practices related to intake, assessment, treatment planning, and discharge.
Environment Modification:
Creating physical spaces that promote a sense of safety and calm. This can involve changes to the layout, lighting, noise levels, and decor.
Client/Patient Involvement:
Involving clients in the planning and evaluation of services to ensure their perspectives and needs are considered.
Support Systems:
Providing support for EVERYONE to prevent burnout and secondary traumatic stress. This can include supervision, debriefing sessions, and access to mental health resources.
Trauma is personal and individualized. There is no one size fits all or one technique can be used for all.
Benefits of Trauma-Informed Care:
Improved Outcomes:
Trauma-informed care can lead to better engagement, adherence to treatment, and overall outcomes for clients/patients.
Reduced Re-traumatization:
By creating a supportive and understanding environment, the risk of re-traumatizing individuals (read: ALL of us) is minimized.
Enhanced Trust:
Building trust between clients/patients and providers fosters better communication and a stronger therapeutic relationship.
Empowerment and Recovery:
Empowering individuals to take an active role in their care promotes recovery and resilience.
Remember, trauma-informed care is a comprehensive approach that involves understanding, recognizing, and responding to the effects of trauma. By integrating trauma-informed principles into practice as UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS, we can create safer, more supportive environments that promote healing and recovery for ourselves and all individuals.
It has been an honor to bring this course, Trauma Awareness for the Pelvic Therapist, into the rehabilitation space. In the last 10 years, and especially since COVID-19, it is beautiful to see how TIC has become mainstream. One word of caution: We need to watch out for end-of-spectrum gas lighting. We all have seen patients whose symptoms and experiences have been minimized when their trauma has not been taken into consideration. This can also happen at the other end of the spectrum. I had a patient who sought out gynecological treatment from a ‘trauma-focused gynecologist.’ This patient we all know - chronic pelvic pain with a history of endo, PCOS, IBS-M, and IC. When she went to this clinician, she was told that her pain was caused by trauma, whether she remembered the trauma or not. The patient is a counselor and has been doing much work with her mental health team. She was open to ‘unknown trauma’ but we both thought she should seek another provider. Two weeks later, she had surgery for appendicitis.
TIC allows us to refocus on our work within rehabilitation and is open and supportive towards all people. This work is AMAZING. This work is HARD. This work is quite frankly one of the reasons we were placed on this earth. To be present for another person’s pain, whatever type of pain that is - is one of the most special care one can give to another.
Please be so proud of all the work you have done. Know that you are enough. And that you can be present for others. I hope you find even more support and knowledge with any trauma course that you choose to take, I just hope to meet you in mine on September 21-22!
AUTHOR BIO:
Lauren Mansell DPT, CLT, PRPC
Lauren received her Doctor of Physical Therapy degree from Governors State University and a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Sociology from Northwestern University. Before becoming a physical therapist, Lauren counseled suicidal and homicidal SES at-risk youth who had survived sexual violence. Lauren was certified as a medical and legal advocate for sexual assault survivors in 1999 and has advocated for over 130 sexual assault survivors of all ages in the ED. Lauren's physical therapy specialty certifications include Certified Lymphedema Therapist (CLT), Pelvic Rehabilitation Professional Certificate (PRPC), and Certified Yoga Therapist (CYT). She is a board member of the Chicagoland Pelvic Floor Research Consortium, American Physical Therapy Association Section of Women's Health and Section of Oncology.
As adjunct faculty, Lauren teaches Special Topics: Pelvic Rehabilitation Physical Therapy at Governors State University. Lauren works at the University of Chicago providing pelvic rehabilitation, lymphedema, and oncological physical therapy within Therapy Services and the Center of Supportive Oncology. She treats pelvic pain, urinary incontinence, bowel dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, lymphedema, lymph node transfer/bypass, stem cell transplant, and bowel/bladder/sexual/functional concerns of patients undergoing HIPEC (hyperthermal intraperitoneal chemotherapy). Lauren is a 2017 Fellow of the Chicago Trauma Collective. As a trauma-sensitive practitioner, her goal is to empower patients to create meaningful, healthful lifestyle changes to improve their physiology and wellness